> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.v-nova.com/technologies/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.v-nova.com/technologies/v-nova.presenz/v-nova-presenz-documentation/motion-vectors-and-animation.md).

# Motion vectors and animation

**Motion vectors and animation**

![](/files/3gQ9YR0rgAv3Bzkr5Xyc)

**Motion vectors** are used by V-Nova PresenZ to smooth the motion of animated objects in the volumetric image at display time. They hold local information about the motion of each point for each frame. The motion vectors can be computed by most rendering engines and can be incorporated into a compositing software. 

V-Nova PresenZ requires a specific type of motion vector that describes the trajectory of objects from the current frame to the next frame. Basically for each point: motion vector(frame) = position  (frame+1) - position (frame)

![](/files/oGbQdvFF44ujWBTMXwq8)

{% hint style="info" %}
***Note:** Our authoring plugins can detect when the rendering is in an animation context and will prompt the user to apply the motion vector settings automatically.*
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Warning:** Attention, don't confuse the motion vector concept with the "velocity" in simulation dynamics.\
The motion vector we are looking for is the vector pointing to the position at the next frame\
, while the velocity is the current speed of the object at the beginning of the frame simulated before any external force is applied (gravity, wind, etc). 
{% endhint %}


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